医院排队间隙写下第二篇。
上一篇说到，吴语团音对应于か/が行。其实喉音也是，按照清辅音也对应か/が行。
到这里也能看出，吴语中的5个辅音对应か行，2个辅音对应が行。也就难怪日语中同音词语数量极大了。以下是两个喉音的举例：
h 对应か行。例：【吴】海洋【日】海洋かいよう；【吴】好意【日】好意こうい。对应汉语拼音方案h。
gh 对应が行。例：【吴】合作【日】合作がっさく；【吴】豪傑【日】豪傑ごうけつ。普通话无此音。
另外写两个简单的。l对应ら行，这一点即使在汉语普通话中也比较明确。零喉音，就是类似于普通话“阿”“安”这种无辅音的字，也就对应于あ行，不难理解。只是该规律对普通话并不适用，因为普通话中不少词语是缺失了传统汉语辅音的结果，例如“蛾”艾“（其实是有辅音的，但已缺失）。这两类辅音的举例如下：
l 对应ら行。例：【吴】利益 【日】利益りえき ；【吴】老人【日】老人ろうじん。对应汉语拼音方案l。
喉音’对应あ行。例：【吴】影響【日】影響えいきょう；【吴】哀悼【日】哀悼あいとう。如上，汉语拼音方案不适用于此。
《中国蓝色产业分类目录》，我已经到处介绍了好几个月了，今天终于正式宣布完成。在我们机构与凤凰卫视举办的零碳峰会上，我向到场和广大观众正式介绍了这一成果。以下是我的发言。
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2018年，世界自然基金会在全球首次提出了“可持续蓝色经济”的概念。这个概念很好记，可持续，蓝色，经济。
可持续，指的是通过促进粮食安全、消除贫困、改善民生、提高收入、增加就业等，为今世后代提供社会和经济效益。
蓝色，指的是修复、保护和维护海洋生态系统的多样性、生产力、韧性以及核心功能和内在价值，即蓝色经济赖以繁荣的自然资本。
经济，指以清洁技术、可再生能源和循环的物质流为基础，在地球的承载范围之内，保障社会和经济的长期稳定。
有了概念，就需要形成相对具象化的原则。为帮助投资机构践行可持续蓝色经济，WWF与欧盟委员会等国际机构发起了14项金融原则，并在2019年成为联合国环境规划署管理的金融倡议，简称UNEP FI。这些倡议积极支持与海洋相关的主流投资、保险和贷款。金融机构，只要承诺采纳这14项原则，即可成为倡议的签署机构。在此，我也希望有兴趣的金融机构能够与WWF联系，以了解加入UNEP FI的各项利益。
今天我们要宣布的，是在概念和原则之后的下一步——金融机构如何来识别可持续蓝色资产。为了给监管部门和金融市场在管理和衡量涉海经济投融资活动时提供决策参考，为投资人和经营者开展有利于海洋健康可持续发展的活动提供指引，我们开展了《中国可持续蓝色产业目录》的研究。
这份《目录》涵盖了渔业、船舶海工、海洋医药等8个大类。我们完全基于中国的法律、国民经济行业分类、产业政策及行业规划、中国绿色债券支持项目目录、中国绿色产业指导目录，同时参考了国外的可持续金融中欧共同分类目录等现行的文书，选取其环境效益，提示环境风险。列出了一份综合的表格。
这份表格中列出了总计近150个三级分类行业。对于每个行业，我们找出它在国民经济行业分类中的代码，描述主要环境指标所对应的正面效益/潜在效益，以及风险和潜在风险，列出了所适用的相关法律标准，并提示与可持续金融主要标准目录的匹配性。我们希望，这样一份目录，能为金融监管和投资机构参与可持续蓝色经济提供详细的信息。
未来，我们希望能与国家与各个地方的政策银行、金融部门、产业部门分别沟通，为不同的需求 调整相应的内容，助力出台落地的产业指导或监管政策。
由于这份《目录》研究涵盖面很广。在此，我向国家海洋信息中心、交通运输部规划研究院、专家杨松颖博士、徐楠女士、蔡吕彤女士，以及给予指导和参与评审的各行业专家表示由衷的感谢。
最后，祝愿中国的可持续蓝色经济蓬勃发展，长风破浪！
我从刚开始学习日语时候就认为，吴语与日语的发音有不可分割的关系。我也比较有把握，在辅音方面，吴语可以和日语组成一套比较严格的函数，吴语是该函数的“自变量”，日语是“应变量”。换句话说，对于每一个确定的吴语辅音，都能“映射”到几乎唯一的日语发音。“映射”，就说明其是单向的、不可反向的关联。前几周工作基本无休，所以今天拿出半天换换脑子，做个第一步的梳理。
吴语，也就是通行于上海、苏南、浙江的语言，用词文雅，历史悠久，此处不再展开解释。在中日历史上交流最频繁的唐代，吴语就通过遣唐使等途径极大地影响了日语，其影响至今仍然显而易见。
吴语是发音最复杂的语言，几乎没有之一。在后起北方话（Mandarin）中，由于语言形成晚、迁徙快（湖广填四川等运动）、教育广，使得北方话内部的沟通非常容易，长春人和昆明人之间虽隔几千里，但沟通并不难。江南地区长久以来富庶的环境，造成吴语年代古、传播少（很少有机会大范围移民）、教育轻（也就在三四十年前，半数以上的华裔学者都还是吴语母语者，根本想不到去推广语言），因此吴语历史悠久，内部之间的互通却不简单，“十里不同音”是最典型的写照。我的观点是，吴语各片区之间的辅音基本一致，但元音变化极大，导致相互理解时需要不少的学习成本。吴语音素很全，所以在学外语时，吴语母语者具备独特的优势，是很快就能找到准确的发音，相较之下，经常被人揶揄的日语口音，也正是因为音素过少而不便于发准新语言的发音。这个最多和最少之间的差距有多大呢，基本今天这一篇就能看出一些端倪。
本文用的是老派上海话，发音和苏州话接近。自十九世纪末期起，由于大规模移民，上海成为了吴语区最大的城市，上海市区的发音也因此和周边（例如川沙）、和过去（例如30年代影视剧所听到的）有了很大的区别，除了用了更多的外来语，发音也趋向于北方，主要表现为尖团音的区别变得模糊，声调也有些变化。那么，既然吴语是古代起就影响了日本，同时上海话（相较于其他吴语方言）也比较容易学到，因此本文所归纳的吴语映射日语的规律，便采用老派上海话。
本篇第一篇，就简单开个头，写第一个规律。用一句话解释，就是“团映か行，清浊不变”：所有上海话的团音，都对应日语的か行，清辅音对应か，浊辅音对应が行。此处需要解释一下，“家”或者“高”这种，是不送气的清辅音，等同于scar中的c，或者score中的c，是清辅音。
同时，这一规律也基本适用于粤语（我去过多次香港，也正在DuoLingo学粤语），所有的吴语团音（k, kh, c, ch)也对应か行。不过粤语也没有j这种浊辅音，所以在转化时无法一一对应。据我个人观察，湘语（例如长沙话）也有类似的规律，但是没有深入研究。
我采用了吴语协会的吴语拼音方案。规律示例如下：
k 对应か行。例：【吴】家族【日】家族 かぞく；【吴】高价 【日】高価 こうか。对应汉语拼音方案g
kh 对应か行。例：【吴】考虑【日】考慮 こうりょ；【吴】苦恼【日】苦悩 くのう。对应汉语拼音方案k
c 对应か行。例：【吴】金属【日】金属きんぞく；【吴】交流【日】交流こうりゅう。对应汉语拼音方案j
ch 对应か行。例：【吴】巧妙 【日】巧妙こうみょう；【吴】丘陵【日】丘陵きゅうりょう。对应汉语拼音方案 q
sh 对应か行。例：【吴】香料【日】香料こうりょう；【吴】凶器【日】凶器 きょうき。对应汉语拼音方案x
j 对应が行。例：【吴】群聚【日】群聚ぐんしゅう；【吴】技巧【日】技巧。ぎこう。同英语job，普通话无此音。
On October 11th, I participated in the Special Policy Study (SPS) meeting of the Open Forum for the CCICED 2024 Annual General Meeting, held at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing. (2024年10月11日，我在北京钓鱼台国宾馆参加了国合会2024年会主题论坛，一如既往为可持续蓝色经济提出建议，并代表国际团队为中国出谋划策）。
Here is my intervention.
I speak on behalf of the global WWF ocean team. We attempt to provide an overall solution for a sustainable blue economy.
WWF defined the first concept of SBE in 2015. I would spell out our definition here, very easy to remember, that’s sustainable, blue, and economy:
Sustainable means that the economy should provide social and economic benefits for current and future generations;
Blue means that the activities should restore, protect, and maintain diverse, productive, and resilient marine ecosystems;
Economy refers to the economy based on clean technologies, renewable energy, and circular material flows.
Specifically, I would mention, although deep-sea mining is a new sector of the marine industry, it does not meet these criteria. Due to the large knowledge gaps, we recommend establishing a moratorium until we can ensure a sufficient scientific basis to make decisions, and to take a precautionary and holistic approach. This is the same attitude as what Professor Bao Rui just explained in the last session.
In 2015, we began to assess the assets and flows of the monetary value provided by the ocean. It’s like inventories and balance sheets for the ecosystem services. In the report of Reviving the Ocean Economy, WWF evaluated the assets of the global ocean as 24 trillion USD, and annually it yields production worth 2.5 trillion USD. That is a 10% year-over-year return, more profitable than most investments. Applying the same methodology, we assessed the ocean in China as 54 trillion CNY. Now, we are in the process of ocean accounting in the Guangdong-HK-Macau Greater Bay Area. We hope this could be a baseline for future SBE development in this vital area.
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Different sectors have their ways of being engaged in the SBE.
For financial institutions, I would recommend Sustainable Blue Economy Finance Principles launched in 2018 by WWF and other collaborative organizations, now hosted by UNEP. This is the first global framework to deliver guidance to both the private and public sector finance onto ways towards a sustainable blue economy. We see this as a simple entry point for financial institutions. By joining the voluntary initiative, they will have access to a global community of practice, peer-to-peer learning, blue finance resources, and a knowledge base. Till now, five Chinese financial institutions have signed and we encourage more to join in.
It is important to seek linkages and alignment with these Principles and guidance in emerging frameworks that deliver Sustainable Blue Economy – for example, taxonomies and Taskforce for Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD). TNFD has been repeatedly mentioned and I trust that most of you are aware of its importance. I will not explain more of it. We congratulate Ms. Bai Yuwen’s team on the blue taxonomy in Yantai. Recently, WWF has also finished a study of Blue Taxonomy for China. (during its early development we received much support from Patrick Yeung the session facilitator). This comprehensive taxonomy entails 8 ocean-related sectors, from fishery to marine engineering. For each specific industrial sector, it explains the definition, climate change performance, potential risks, managing policies, etc. As it is developed using China standards, guidance, and policies, they are ready to be adapted to different users in China. We will explore its application among policy banks, finance regulatory departments, investors, etc., as well as their local counterparts.
Finally, I would take fishery as an example of transforming a traditional sector into SBE. WWF acknowledges China’s acceptance of the WTO fishery subsidy agreement and further encourages China to adopt the Agreement of Port State Measures (PSMA) against IUU fishery. We advocate for applying new technology such as AI-powered electronic monitoring in fishery vessels for better management and law reinforcement. This in turn will derisk any financial institutions targeted at this sector – not least in terms of supply and reputational risks.
It should be acknowledged that all we have mentioned here not only contributes to the blue transition but also aligns and contributes to the Kunming Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework, the collective agenda of the human being.
谁能想到，让我真的放下工作开始休息的，不是因为我病了，是因为电脑撑不住了。
9月29日报修，10月2日被告知零件到货可以送修。前后修了近万元，都够买台新的了。所幸当年买了Apple Care+，自己不用掏钱。也是人生中唯一一次财产保险起了作用的案例。
9月28日，中午发现还能买到当晚的上海大剧院《剧院魅影》，遂抢购，距离首次观摩已是20年整。
2004年，上海的生活水平仍在快速增长的前期，平时能看的到的还是传统的音乐会，因此新奇的音乐剧的舞美设计在当时显得十分惊艳，也是我念念不忘的印象。这次的《魅影》虽然仍有超高的舞台表现，但确实比起2004年首次来华要逊色不少。
这次吊灯的设置就很无趣。20年前的吊灯是剧院的正中央穹顶滑落到舞台前，因此坐在中间的观众真的会有吊灯将要砸下来的感觉（我当时就在那正下方），所以觉得非常刺激。现在改为了直上直下，就纯粹变为了“剧情需要”。
经过多年的政治正确运动，这次男配角男高音歌手换成了黑人，于是出现了直接的穿帮。有这么个桥段，原本的设定是：男配角唱”The Point of No Return”，之后拉开帘子，观众发现其实唱歌的是魅影，男配角已经被杀，从而创造出其不意的舞台效果。然而，因为男配角是黑人，在唱“The Point of No Return”已经是显露出白人的手。因此一开始就知道是魅影，从而缺失了预计中的惊奇。事实上，哪怕带个手套，都可以是最好的弥补。
其他还有一些没有那么明显，但是还是有一些低于预期的。女主角音线偏嫩，有点压不太住（可能平时听多了Apple Music所收的莎拉布莱曼版影响吧）；魅影似乎上半场还没开嗓，下半场要精彩一些（周围观众其实很专业，都注意到了这点，中场和结束后都在议论！）；其他观众议论说富二代Raoul有点油腻，不过我倒不这么认为。
这一次突然关注到一个剧情，结合三个提示：
1、女主在舞台上第一次被提名的时候，说道“Daaé”的冷门姓氏，父亲是个小提琴手，音乐人；
2、女主在”Angel of Music”里唱过这么一句：”father once spoke of an angel…”；
3、芭蕾教师提及魅影是两年前跟着马戏团来的（以前的巡演马戏团确实有很多怪人，本人小时候都见过）；
可以推断，魅影至少在两年前和其父就应有某种必然的联系，也就是说他们先认识，然后魅影故意来到了这个剧院，并成为女主的导师。这一点耐人寻味。原著中或许有答案吧，不过我没有时间去读。
但不管怎么样，瑕不掩瑜，《剧院魅影》仍然是全球领先的音乐剧，也是其永久在百老汇停演后，仅能在西区和巡演中看到的精彩表演。
期待这个演出季的其他演出吧。
This is definitely one of the most wonderful Expos and sessions I have ever attended featuring the green transformation. Thanks to the coordination of my colleagues in Hong Kong, I participated in a panel discussion featuring “Unlocking the Potential of a Sustainable Blue Economy” (SBE) in Sustainable Business Forum (“ReThink”), on Sept. 13th in Hong Kong Convention Centre.
Mr. Alistair Monument, our conservation director of Asia Pacific acted as the moderator. I took three questions during the panel and clearly expressed our advocacies and some of my thinking toward this idea.
To the first question, I introduced two of our on-going work, ocean accounting in the Greater Bay Area and the China Blue Taxonomy. The former should be finalized next month. I introduced the latter as 8 sectors for SBE, 5 aspect for each industrial sector, and 3 years to develop and review. I have been talking about this for many times in many occasions.
For the second question on what should we do to fill the gap of SBE, I mentioned three ways.
Awareness raising. For the first time, I summarize the core value of SBE into the three key words – S-B-E. Sustainable, or the profit in a long-term investment, lies in the welfare of local community and human benefits in a whole. Blue represents positive impact on ocean ecosystem, at least not negative. Economy recognizes the necessity for development, but should take into account of renewable energy of green criteria.
Top down. As many financial institutes in mainland China are state owned, it is crucial to convince the policy makers and supervisory departments to issue favorable policies or standards, even they might be voluntary. Some banking staff may already be ready to innovate and transform. Such policies and guidance will enable that once they want to make any change, their supervisors won’t say no.
Bottom up. There is a mismatch between conservationists like us and investors. We conservationists are the ones that know nature, but most of us are just unable to translate our work to messages that investors can understand. Some investors already realized the need of sustainability, but their expertise on revenue models or balance sheets does not help. So we are trying to develop tools to fill in the gap, one example is the sustainable fishery inventory we are developing.
The third question was about the opportunities that Hong Kong could make use of for developing SBE. I saw HK’s strength as the combination of a well-established marine industry, full elements of finance (trading house and free markets), and knowledgeable investors. Therefore, HK could be a laboratory for SBE. When we develop standards or mechanisms, we may TestFlight here. And the market may tell us what works and what not.
I was quite encouraged, that after our session, several professional audience approached me and told me that what I said was especially helpful. And of course, I do hope some of the audience would appreciate our efforts and support us in the future, either by following our advocacies or fund us for future development of SBE.
The main pity was that our panel is disastrously gender unbalanced, as all five on the stage were male. Fortunately, the opening remarks and most keynote speeches were made by female speakers.
9月12日，我参加了深圳市绿色金融协会举办的深圳市绿色金融与ESG发展实践研修班，为50多名金融从业人员介绍可持续蓝色经济，分享我们机构对此的进展，并呼吁更多机构能够采纳我们的倡导。
这次介绍长两个半小时。我花了两整个周末来思考和准备了一份100多页的PPT。通过这次准备，我也系统梳理了我们机构过去近十年来在全球和在中国所发起、倡导、推广的各项研究和立场，它们之间的逻辑关系，以及金融机构可以参与的切入点。过程中细读或者重读了我们的一些报告，其实也是个重要的温习过程。
由于听众是金融机构，我在会上花了一半的时间介绍海洋的生态系统服务可以货币化，以及解释和当下海洋所面临的全球挑战，还推荐我们机构在全球所发起的可持续蓝色经济金融原则，以及中国所做的一些工具。这个金融原则是金融机构可以入手的基础，我也很期待会后有机构能够联系我并加入。
于我而言，日常工作其实大多都是预算、流程、报告、合同，只有晚上能够静下心来阅读和撰写有技术要求的文件。我重视这些参会和发言的机会，当然首先因为它能帮助我们传达我们要倡导的那些观点，但其实同样重要的，是能准备的时候高效思考，到底以什么样的方法，把什么样的信息传递给什么样的人。这些内容不是光读完自己机构的报告能实现的，而是真真切切需要通过多次与听众互动和交流才能理解。而理解听众的需求，其实也更有利于明确未来到底应该做什么样的工作。
2024年8月30日，澎湃新闻播送了《世界会客厅：电商平台减塑探索与创新实践》。我们希望能通过这样的介绍和对谈，让电商平台理解减塑的重要性和可能性，进而在全国的多项政策和全球的公约中逐步采取行动。
以下是我的发言。
塑料污染治理已成为全球关注的焦点。根据联合国环境大会2022年的决议，全球期望于2024年达成一项具有法律约束力的塑料污染治理协议。目前，该条约的谈判进程如火如荼，计划中的五次谈判已进行了四次，最后一次正式的谈判将于11月底举行。WWF国际网络自始至终参与了这项谈判，倡导高雄心的减塑目标，为谈判提供了政策研究并指明技术路径，还与包括中国在内的多个国家保持着良好的沟通。
与此同时，相信在座的各位和屏幕前的网友对于电商都不陌生。中国线上零售业在国民经济中的地位日益重要。根据商务部发布的数据，2023年，中国网上零售额超15万亿元，增长11%，连续11年成为全球第一大网络零售市场。其中，实物商品网络零售额占社会消费品零售总额比重增至27.6%。线上零售业带来的直接影响，便是快递数量的增长，国家邮政局统计数据显示，2023年，中国累计完成快递业务量1321亿件，同比增长19.4%。快递和外卖包装中一次性塑料的使用与弃置数量也随之增长。据新华社所援引的研究表明，中国快递业每年消耗塑料约180万吨。
WWF观察到，政府部门早已意识到了这个情况，并正在通过各类方法尝试规范并改善塑料污染治理。2023年6月20日正式实施的《商务领域经营者使用、报告一次性塑料制品管理办法》明确要求，电子商务平台企业 需向商务主管部门 报告一次性塑料制品的使用及回收情况，报告内容包括制定和鼓励平台内经营者减塑的规则以及平台内经营者的减量成效。我们相信，包括这项措施在内的诸多要求，将会成为中国减少塑料污染努力的重要基础。
刚才提到，塑料公约即将在11月底举办最后一次谈判。而在这次谈判前，将在8月下旬在曼谷进行全球专家组的特别会议，专门讨论技术和资金问题。WWF预计，包括生产者责任延伸制度（EPR）在内的资金机制会被谈及。澎湃网友们可能也注意到，我们自去年起就与澎湃新闻一同探讨了外卖包装和食品饮料包装的减塑方向，并探讨实施EPR的可能性。我们也希望，今天针对电商平台的讨论，一方面能启发各个利益相关方思考减少塑料污染的路径，另一方面也能有助于探讨 相应的引导方式和规范制度。
此外，我们清楚地知道，电商平台的减塑，需要快递企业、消费者、管理部门的共同努力。因此，除了电商自身的合规要求和志愿努力以外，社会组织就应该扮演重要的协调角色，在不同的社会部门之间探索解决方案。
同样重要的是，在坐的所有人和收看此次活动的网友都是电商的消费者，我们更应该思考如何在日常消费中积极践行和配合减塑行动，为减少塑料污染贡献自己力量。
链接：
https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_28629098
https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_28539739
It is the 2nd National Ecology Day today, Aug. 15th. I am connected to CGTN to talk about our opinions on China’s high-quality development in ocean-related economy. Here is what I said:
Q1:
Under the recently released guidelines to promote the green transition, how do you think China can better achieve sustainable and high-quality development in its marine economy?
Sustainable blue economy is a subset of green economy, therefore, many articles in these guidelines are relevant in the marine economy. In fact, it is more straightforward and practical if we focus one specific aspect like marine economies. here let me talk about two points:
The guidelines mention that technology development is crucial in the green transition. It should be mentioned that the highest potential of carbon capture and storage, lies in the ocean. The investment in these sectors, as well as exploring nature-based solution in defending natural disasters should all be considered part of the transition. These technologies related to ocean and nature will eventually benefit us substantially.
The guidelines also outline a policy system required for the transitions. WWF have started to prepare researches that can contribute. We developed a blue taxonomy, which listed the ocean-friendly industries according to China standard, so that administrations could issue favorable policies for these industries. We are now developing a sustainable fishery inventory which looks like a database of commercial projects. In the future, we hope investors can choose sustainable projects from it so that sustainable projects can be funded.
We believe these attempts in sustainable blue economy can contribute to a high-quality development under the guidelines.
Q2: How can China develop the building of a global ecological civilization and more importantly deepen its participation in worldwide environmental governance?
From the perspective of an international organization, I would say that playing active roles in international treaties is a pathway that China can explore in global environment governance.
We have witnessed China’s leadership in adopting Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework. China’s acceptance of WTO agreement of fishery subsidy should also be acknowledged. WWF have had several interactions with relevant departments in China on its participation in the Agreement of Port State Measures. China’s positive attitude on this agreement provided us with strong confidence in fighting the global illegal, unreported and unregulated fishery.
Currently, I would mention one specific opportunity, the new plastic treaty in negotiation. Plastic pollution is a global and transboundary issue that affects the world’s ecosystems. China possesses a complete industry chain from plastic production to waste management, which allows it to manage plastic pollution comprehensively from upstream to downstream. We hope that China could demonstrates its ambitions, and shares its experience with other countries, and thus driving the negotiation in a more ambitious and constructive direction.
I appreciate Jin Chengcheng, my colleague, on helping me shape up the expressions on plastic.
Here are the links:
https://weibo.com/tv/show/1034:5067741858824233?from=old_pc_videoshow
https://x.com/China24Official/status/1824080255415734312
